Countering violent extremism (CVE) is likely to be most effective when characterized by a partnership approach involving law enforcement, intelligence agencies, other statutory organizations, and community-­based non-­governmental organizations with grassroots credibility. The principles of meaningful partnership in this domain must include mutual respect, acknowledgment of respective strengths, skills, and expertise between agencies and community-­??based organizations, and a willingness, inappropriate circumstances, to take calculated risks to ensure that so-­called hard-­to-­reach groups are approached by those with the required local knowledge and technical capacity., In Part I, this paper draws on examples of such initiatives from several countries. The key question addressed here is: how have community-­oriented policing strategies for CVE evolved throughout Europe to deal with increasingly diverse populations?

The intention is to identify methods used and lessons learned in order to determine if certain strategies or practices may be transferable to other areas., In Part II, the paper also offers two in-­depth case studies from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland as examples. The first highlights how community-­??oriented policing strategies evolved in Northern Ireland to more effectively work with(pro–United Ireland) Republican groups and paramilitary Loyalist groups (pro-­British and traditionally opposed to Irish Republicanism). The second demonstrates how community-­oriented CVE policing strategies have evolved in England to work with vulnerable youth.