Editor’s Note: The latest attacks in Europe and the risk of terrorism from lone wolves and returned foreign fighters have led to an increased focus on preventing terrorism by stopping radicalization in the first place. Such a focus is good in theory, but in practice governments don’t do it well. Too often, Western countries have focused on bogus “root causes” or on ineffectually combatting an ideology while failing to disrupt the behavior itself that is proving so troublesome. Anastasia Norton, Alysha Bedig, and Harriera Siddiq of the strategic consulting firm Monitor 360 take issue with government programs designed to counter terrorist ideology and instead call for an emphasis on behavior-based programs to combat violent extremism.