When the Soviet Union collapsed, the Central Asian republics, which had not really sought independence, found themselves independent. Unlike what happened in some other parts of the former Soviet Union, the regimes in power under the Soviet Union remained in power, and endeavored through authoritarian means and trying to identify…

At the conclusion of its 171st session, the Executive Board decided, upon recommendation of its Bureau, to include an item entitled “Status report on UNESCO’s contribution to international action against terrorism through education, the sciences, culture and communication and information”. The present document contains a status report by the Director-General…

Ever since the mid-nineties the German Federal Government has been engaged in an intensive dialogue with the Islamic world. In response to an initiative by former President Roman Herzog, a host of activities were set in train, which culminated in the UN General Assembly proclaiming 2001 the United Nations Year…

Racist violence remains a serious problem within the UK. All violence is a matter of concern. Violence that also denies the humanity of its subjects, destroys relationships between communities, and corrupts our ability to function together as a society is a cause for even greater concern. The year before the…

This document has been adopted by the Council of the European Union to fight terrorism globally and make EU safer. To combat terrorism effectively, the strategy focuses on 4 priorities: prevention, protection, pursuit, and response. Across these pillars, the strategy recognises the importance of cooperation with non-EU countries and international…

The idea that memory is composed of distinct systems has a long history but became a topic of experimental inquiry only after the middle of the 20th century. Beginning about 1980, evidence from normal subjects, amnesic patients, and experimental animals converged on the view that a fundamental distinction could be…

Recent evidence suggests that both direct and indirect friendship with outgroup members (knowledge of ingroup members’ friendship with outgroup members) can reduce prejudice toward the outgroup. Two surveys of cross-community relationships in Northern Ireland, using a student sample (N = 341) and a representative sample of the general population (N…

Programmes for the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) of former combatants have become an integral part of peacekeeping operations and post-conflict reconstruction plans. There is hardly any UN peacekeeping mission that is not confronted with aspects of DDR programmes. A number of countries have also implemented demobilisation programmes as part…

Established in 2004 by Terry Waite, the humanitarian author and former hostage of the Islamic Jihad Organisation, Hostage UK operates primarily around three core aims. These are: to provide specialist services and pastoral support to hostages and their families, both during and after the incident, including availability of a 24…

Understanding Terrorism brings the many resources of psychological science and practice to bear on the problem of terrorism by providing empirically based theory and interventions for understanding, intervening, and preventing this challenge to international security. The volume addresses many of the conceptual and definitional issues associated with terrorism, especially those…

As the integrated education movement in Northern Ireland passes its twenty‐first anniversary, it is pertinent to explore the legacy of mixed Catholic and Protestant schooling. This paper summarises the findings of different studies regarding the impact of integrated education in Northern Ireland on social identity, intergroup attitudes and forgiveness and…

Despite Pakistan’s extensive contribution to the global war on terrorism, many questions persist about the extent to which Al Qaeda and its associated outfits are currently operating within Pakistan. This article examines this issue by posing several empirical questions: (1) What are the general contours of militancy in Pakistan? (2)…