This report examines the government prevention program to date while also looking at examples of non-government and community-based initiatives to counter violent extremism. When well-planned and implemented, the latter can be very e?ective, but in some cases, they turn into exercises in vigilantism that are as ugly when mobilised against extremists as when directed against religious minorities. BNP’s programs to date may be weak but a national agency is still needed to coordinate and share information across agencies, develop policies designed to discourage advocacy of violence, and help community leaders develop strategies. Unless programs in all of these areas are based on detailed knowledge about how and where radicalisation takes place, however, they are not likely to be productive. As a new government takes o?ce later this year, it might consider a restructuring of BNP to remove the divide between intelligence/operations and prevention