The Human Factors and Medicine Research and Technology Task Group 140, Psychosocial, Organizational and Cultural Aspects of Terrorism began meeting formally in November 2006 in Rome, Italy at the NATO Defence College. This paper documents the group’s research areas, which were three fold: to map current social scientific expertise, knowledge and research activities on psychosocial, cultural and organizational aspects of terrorism, to identify gaps in knowledge and make recommendations for future scientific research in regard to the above topics, and to define and explore strategic, operational and tactical implications.