This report is one of thirteen reports on England’s Muslim ethnic communities commissioned by the Cohesion Directorate of Communities and Local Government inorder to understand the diversity of England’s Muslim population and to help enhance its engagement and partnership with Muslim civil society. The primary goal of the research was to detail the main population and community locations, identify denominations and religious practices, and identify the strengths of links with the country of origin. An overarching objective for the project was to identify how government could best engage and work in partnership with specific communities. For many of these communities, there was little pre-existing research specific to the community. Hence the research was expanded to include other areas such as identity, language use, socio-economic situations, and intra-community dynamics. Since the country and migration contexts are important, these have also been briefly detailed. The relatively limited scope of this study in relation to individual communities means that there is still a great deal more research needed in order to establish comprehensive knowledge and understanding about the different communities. This study provides first insights into the communities rather than offering firm conclusions, and hence should be understood as a starting rather than an end point in getting to know the different communities covered by the research. This report focuses on the Somali community in England and as such those interviewed and involved in focus groups were based in England. However, some ofthe existing research and data on the community refers to England, England and Wales, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. Thus the report refers to whichever of these is the most relevant in the context.